by Fr. Stephen Freeman
Another gem from Fr. Stephen. I understand what is being said here, but properly said, it is heretics who are ‘people who choose.’ Converts ‘become’ Orthodox (despite what many who were raised in the Orthodox Church may say, yes, we do become Orthodox). What do you think?
A few years back I had a very enlightening conversation with one of my Russian parishioners. I had Baptized her and her family some years before. In the conversation I referred to her and her family as “converts.” She bristled and quickly spoke, “I am not a convert!” My thoughts were running ahead. I did not say what I was thinking but was mindful of the fact that I had catechized and Baptized her.
“Converts are people who choose,” she said. “I have always been Orthodox. But I was not yet Baptized.”
It was a revelation. “Converts are people who choose.” I had never heard the word used with such disdain. No American would ever think less of someone for making a choice. Indeed, some American converts imagine that their Orthodoxy is superior for the very fact that it is chosen.
It is a clash of civilizations. Not simply Russian versus American, but, more to the point, Classical Christian versus the Modern World.
In the previous article I noted this understanding: In the modern project, human beings are autonomous centers of consciousness whose choices and decisions bring about their self-actualization.
We consider ourselves to be the product of our choices and therefore value them almost above all else. We not only value our ability to make choices – we value the people who make them. “Decisioners” (a “Bushism”) are paid more in our culture than others. The people who make the choices are thought of as the most valuable people, those worthy of being paid the most.
American Christianity very early on began to adapt itself to the culture of choice. The Great Awakenings (late 18th and early 19th centuries) pushed a theology of choice to the forefront of Christian existence. To be a Christian is to “make a decision for Christ.” “God has no grandchildren!” the revivalists proudly proclaimed. Those who were born into the Christian faith and Baptized as children, but had never made a conscious “decision for Christ” were considered less than Christian. Baptism as sacrament was treated as “empty” ritual. The “personal decision” became everything.
As time has gone by, this thinking has effected much of the modern Christian world. Many contemporary Christians would think that my above description is “traditional” Christianity – even normative, with the notion of infant baptism being a cultural innovation of the Middle Ages and a degeneration of “true” Christianity. However, decisional Christianity is less than 250 years old, and is simply an example of the Modern Project in Christian disguise. It is not the faith of the Fathers (once delivered to the saints).
Doubtless, there is no human life without choices. My Russian parishioner certainly made a “decision” to contact me and make arrangement for her family’s Baptism. Why did she not see this as a choice?
It is not choice precisely that is the issue between the Modern Project and Classical Christianity – it is the nature and power of choice. Within the Modern world, choice is seen as foundational, the primary driving force of history and of reality itself. We are who we choose to be, and the world is as we choose to make it. In Classical Christianity, choice is peripheral, an incidental requirement in the course of life.
The modern convert sees his/her choice as constituting their existence.
“I am Orthodox because I choose to be Orthodox.”
Classically, a convert accepts what they already are.
“I am Orthodox and I accept Baptism.”
In the Orthodox service of Baptism, the candidate (or sponsor if a child) is asked, “Do you unite yourself to Christ?” It is interesting that the question is not, “Do you choose to unite yourself to Christ?” In the Classical understanding, it would be similar to asking, “Do you breathe the air?” We give assent to our union with Christ, just as we rightly give assent to breathe. To unite ourselves to Christ is to give assent to our true life. The notion of choice utterly fails to do this justice.
For the Modern Project, our choice presumes that there are multiple, viable options. I may shop at this store or that store. Where I shop is my own decision. I have actually heard contemporary Christians say that denominationalism is something that God brought about so that all people could have a Church that suited them!
The Classical Christian understanding is that the nature of our life is not a choice but a given. Our lives are contingent and only exist because they are rooted and grounded in God. Rightly understood, the “choice” for Baptism, is simply the acceptance of existence.
Life in Christ is inherently the right-ordering of our existence. It is not one out of many options. There are certainly many options for how to live in a manner that is contrary to true existence – but only life in Christ is true life.
Most assuredly, I say to you, the hour is coming, and now is, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God; and those who hear will live. For as the Father has life in Himself, so He has granted the Son to have life in Himself (John 5:25-26 NKJ).
The nature of conversion in the Classical model is probably best illustrated by the structures of the catechumenate in the early Church. Those who wanted to be united with Christ were first enrolled as “learners” (catechumens – mentioned in Galatians 6:6). The period of learning included instruction in the gospel but primarily in the life of the Church. This period could extend for one or more years. Interestingly, catechumens were not instructed in the Holy Mysteries (Baptism, Eucharist, etc.) until after Baptism when they began the Mystagogial Catecheses (learning in the mysteries). The Creed itself was not even taught to Catehumens – but “traditioned” to them as part of the liturgy of Baptism!
Choice was seen as something playing a fairly minor role in the Christian life. It certainly had a part in everything – but the entire process was geared towards formation, not towards decision-making.
To this must be contrasted the modern Christian practice in which decision-making is everything and “joining” (however it might be sacramentally expressed) rather anti-climatic. The notion of formation is quite beside-the-point.
Many inquirers are put off by what might at first seem a reluctance on the part of Classical Christianity (Orthodox or Catholic) to admit them into the ranks of the Church. Classes must be attended, and some keep waiting for the “sales pitch” (that may never come). They will be told that “Orthodoxy is a way of life.” How do you choose a way of life?
Our choices do not make us better or worse. The kind of persons we are comes through the patient practice (or neglect) of the spiritual disciplines in the life of the Spirit. Those who engage in choice as a spiritual discipline only become proficient in shopping. I have found in modern missionary work, that catechumens must often be made to “slow down,” so that their “shopping instincts” can be thwarted. It is good in our present circumstance if someone is allowed to “become” Orthodox rather than to “choose” Orthodoxy.
For many, particularly those who still live largely in the consciousness created by the Modern Project, this talk of “becoming” rather than “choosing” will seem odd or merely semantic. For those who have begun to “become” Orthodox, the distinction will be clear. These words of Christ seem appropriate:
You did not choose Me, but I chose you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should remain, that whatever you ask the Father in My name He may give you. (Joh 15:16 NKJ)
As a Catechumen yet carrying some old baggage I quickly thought of “chose ye this day whom you will serve”. But the more I read the better I understood. I studied Orthodoxy and attended a dozen or so D-Liturgies over 3-yrs before I “became” Orthodox. I’ve not warmed to the word ‘convert’ as it seemed to me that God the Holy Spirit gradually pressed the claims of Holy Tradition on me is such a way that I wanted to “submit”…ie a ‘Submitter’. So…this article gives me perhaps an even better word for what’s happened to me….’Becoming Orthodox. In this is suspect I’ll always be ‘Becoming’. Thank you Father.
This is spot on. In my own conversion process, I *became* Orthodox over a period time through reading, talking, and attending Orthodox conferences when I was in Southern California. To say that I merely “chose” Orthodoxy would be to minimalize the process of becoming.
This article made me think of the final confrontation between Neo and Agent Smith in “The Matrix Revolutions.” Choice becomes elevated to the zenith of human existence. It is the very thing that allows Neo to continue and win a desperate fight with no chance of victory to the rational mind.
I became Orthodox and I (along with my family) are becoming more so and with God’s grace, becoming more and more like Him.
This is a very interesting and informative article. Thank you. I would like to comment on the issue of “choosing” to become Orthodox. One cannot be Orthodox without being baptized into the faith. And, it is impossible to become Orthodox without choosing to become Orthodox. This is shown by a very subtle difference between baptism and the other mysteries. Baptism is the only mystery (with the exception of the confession of faith by a bishop at his consecration, and during confession which, by its very nature demands dialogue) where the participant, either as an adult or through a sponsor for an infant, participates verbally. Denying the devil and all his works and accepting Christ is a conscious choice. No verbal denial of the devil and acceptance of Christ by either the one to be baptized or the sponsor, no baptismal rite. Chrismation, marriage, ordination, unction and receiving the Eucharist do not require us to participate verbally because we have already chosen to become a member of the Body of Christ. No priest or bishop would baptize some one against their will (or against the will of parents in the case of an infant). Entrance into the faith is a conscious choice.
Another great article, and thanks for it. I can understand the Russian’s minor indignation at the idea of choosing as a possibly cradle Orthodox, versus “choosing.” It resembles some reactions being introduced to people who are surprised to discover who is truly my own family. Easily, the surprise can appear in a retort, “whaddya mean? I couldn’t be anything but this. After all, I didn’t choose to be . . ., and more than I chose to be my mother’s child. .” It’s akin to the discovery that we didn’t choose to be human, but must choose actively to be fully human. but that’s a whole different part of the Zeitgeist.
Several of my friends and neighbors are Orthodox, and grew up in the midst of small Orthodox towns and communities. In their former lands no one used to care much for formalities and distinctions regarding religion until there was sectarian violence sparked into wars. They are Orthodox as seen by outsiders to the church whether or not they attend church. They think they are just coming home in a way, as home is where they have to let you in when you ring the bell. I suspect many technically labeled converts, ultimately admit they had no real choice in the matter. Lay people seem to view these things differently than the clergy.
Perhaps the Russian woman who had to make an active decision, the choice, was making in her mind, a small step than conversion, for Orthodoxy was in her history and in her bones. That is, for her the step was not nearly a big a deal as a total stranger to church, coming around to Orthodoxy.
John Papson,
As you probably realize (and if I’m reading him correctly), Fr. Stephen would not disagree that there is an element of choice in our entry into the Church. The Orthodox do, after all, stress the centrality of the freedom of the will in their definition of the human person as made in the image of God. It is the “nature and power” of this “choice” between a modern view and the more classically Christian one that he is attempting to draw a distinction between here. He writes:
It is not choice precisely that is the issue between the Modern Project and Classical Christianity – it is the nature and power of choice. Within the Modern world, choice is seen as foundational, the primary driving force of history and of reality itself. We are who we choose to be, and the world is as we choose to make it. In Classical Christianity, choice is peripheral, an incidental requirement in the course of life.
So, it seems to me, you are correct to point out entry into the Church involves a “conscious choice” (at least on the part of the sponsor in the case of an infant/young child). I think it would be equally true to say this conscious choice is not the foundation of one’s Orthodox faith, but rather Christ and His Church (to which we give assent) are, and inasmuch as Confession may be seen as a “renewal of our Baptism,” this saying yes to Christ must continue throughout the life of an Orthodox believer.